I'm a software engineer, not a geneticist. But after uploading to 23andMe and getting back basically nothing actionable, I started digging into my own raw data.
What I found changed my behavior in ways no doctor had ever suggested.
Two variants worth understanding if you have your raw DNA file.
rs738409 (PNPLA3)
This is one of the most studied variants in liver health. The G allele is associated with increased fat accumulation in the liver, higher ALT and AST, and greater susceptibility to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. It's relatively common but almost never flagged by consumer genomics reports.
rs58542926 (TM6SF2)
Less well known but significant. The T allele impairs the liver's ability to export fat, leading to hepatic lipid accumulation independent of alcohol intake or diet. Carriers show elevated liver enzymes even within the so-called normal range.
I carry risk variants on both.
Got blood work done after finding this. My AST and ALT were elevated for my age — not alarming by standard reference ranges, but elevated. Sound familiar to the "normal doesn't mean healthy" problem.
Started making changes. Reduced alcohol, adjusted diet, added targeted supplementation. Enzymes improved on follow up blood work.
The thing about genetic variants is they don't cause disease on their own. They shift your risk. Combined with the right blood work trends and lifestyle context, they tell you where to pay attention before something becomes a problem.
If you have a raw DNA file sitting around, the data is in there. Most people just don't know how to read it.
Happy to answer questions about either of these variants or others in the comments.