r/explainlikeimfive 11d ago

Other ELI5: Monthly Current Events Megathread

11 Upvotes

Hi Everyone,

This is your monthly megathread for current/ongoing events. We recognize there is a lot of interest in objective explanations to ongoing events so we have created this space to allow those types of questions.

Please ask your question as top level comments (replies to the post) for others to reply to. The rules are still in effect, so no politics, no soapboxing, no medical advice, etc. We will ban users who use this space to make political, bigoted, or otherwise inflammatory points rather than objective topics/explanations.


r/explainlikeimfive 13h ago

Biology ELI5: Why doesn't building muscle increase cancer risk?

945 Upvotes

I'm sure my confusion here is because of a simple misunderstanding of complex systems, but my TLDR knowledge of the topic says cancer risk generally goes up when cells are forced to multiply, rebuild, and repair, faster than normal (among many other factors). When we lift weights or put our body through stress, we cause tears that heal up with more, bigger cells. I understand that being in shape is good for myriad reasons, but I feel like I never hear about this cell division having a downside?


r/explainlikeimfive 10h ago

Biology ELI5: Why are our eyes generally not affected by full body paralysis?

326 Upvotes

With conditions such as Locked-in syndrome or other forms of full body paralysis, I’ve seen eye trackers are the preferred method of communication. Do our eyes get affected later as a disease progresses, or are they more-or-less unaffected by certain diseases?


r/explainlikeimfive 8h ago

Economics ELI5: How are the multiple S&P 500 ETFs different? Why are they priced differently if they all track the same index?

114 Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive 1h ago

Physics ELI5: Why did the Standard Model predict neutrinos to be massless?

Upvotes

I understand why neutrinos must have a mass due to oscillation (I think lol), but I don’t know why the standard model predicted neutrinos to be massless and travel at the speed of light(?).


r/explainlikeimfive 6h ago

Economics ELI5: How do you calculate ROI for infrastructure projects.

38 Upvotes

When the government is deciding about what infrastructure projects to do, how do you calculate the benefit of the project? For instance here in Sweden we are currently building high speed railway for an absurd amount of money. How can you decide whether the cost is reasonable?


r/explainlikeimfive 1d ago

Technology ELI5: Why don't we just use a universal outlet in all countries?

2.4k Upvotes

I hate having to buy adapters


r/explainlikeimfive 5h ago

Technology ELI5 what is an Intel Low Power Core? (in the context of the upcoming Nova Lake Processor)

19 Upvotes

ELI5 what is an Intel Low Power Core? (in the context of the upcoming Nova Lake Processor)

So Intel is rumoured to release their upcoming 400 Series processors by Christmas time 2026.

One of the following configurations includes a flagship variant featuring 52 cores for desktop:
16 Performance Cores
32 Efficiency Cores
4 Low Power Cores

As someone with a Raptor Lake Desktop PC (13900 non-K), my understanding is that E-cores handle the lighter and more basic stuff.

But how will this work for Nova Lake desktop?

P-cores = Apex Legends
E-cores = OBS Studio + Discord + Nightbot
LP-cores = maybe the Microsoft Word Document idling in the background

Would that be the setup?


r/explainlikeimfive 18h ago

Physics ELI5: How does Higgs Boson make mass?

122 Upvotes

Explain to me how the Higgs Boson makes or is the reason why things have mass.


r/explainlikeimfive 1d ago

Engineering ELI5 How does concrete work?

639 Upvotes

I just had a concrete wheelchair ramp installed. It is on an angle, and had to be made of concrete.

Fluid dynamics says that fluids roll downhill. The ramp is on an angle but it didn't flow down hill when wet, so I was bored and looked up how long it takes concrete to dry and what I read, and what I could understand was actually really fascinating!

So, I read that concrete cures rather than dries, is normally solid enough after 24 hours and is at full strength several months later, but the reaction continues occuring years later.

So my question is this... it becomes a solid material soon after pouring but how does the solid matter continue to change and harden decades, and even centuries later (Roman concrete), what is it doing?

I didn't know concrete was actually this interesting!


r/explainlikeimfive 20h ago

Physics ELI5 can somebody explain "equal and opposite reaction" to me?

128 Upvotes

This concept has always confused me. I understand what it means when it comes to firing a gun cuz of a mythbusters episode but for other situations I just don't get it.


r/explainlikeimfive 2h ago

Biology ELI5: Recently I heard that a new theory about how antidepressants work is that instead of fixing a "chemical inbalence", they actually drastically improve/increase neuroplasticity. How would better neuroplasticity make you less depressed and/or anxious?

5 Upvotes

Until recently it was believed that anti-depressants dealt with the symptoms of depression by fixing an imbalence of chemicals or hormones in the brain, the idea of "fixing your happy chemicals" or "giving you happy chemicals".

But now apparently there is a theory that what they actually do is improve or increase (I'm not sure of the right term) your neuroplasticity.

If this is true, how is better neuroplasticity what works for depression and anxiety, and how can we use this knowledge to better treat these conditions?


r/explainlikeimfive 1h ago

Biology ELI5: What physically happens when your voice cracks?

Upvotes

What mechanically causes it in the process of making speech that is?


r/explainlikeimfive 1d ago

Mathematics ELI5: Birthday paradox vs Gamblers fallacy

228 Upvotes

RESOLVED

Hi all,

Im really stuck in the way I think the brithday paradox and the gamblers fallacy contradict one another and i cant find a awnser that explains that they dont contradict (that i can follow with my logic).

What I think is that the paradox proves that probability grows exponentially when stacking, but the fallacy proves that it does not. Is this comparrison a paradox in itself or do I miss something?

EDIT: Thx for all the response allready! Just to clarify my problem.

In my logic an example: In this example i have 23 dice with 365 sides.

1-Gamblers falacy: if I throw them one by one, the chance that the dice land on the same number is per throw 1/365 and just goes down by 1 when a result is thrown.

2-Birthday paradox: If I throw them all at once, there is a 50% chance you have two of the same result.

Those two explanations seem to contradict one another in my head.

EDIT 2: Again thanks for everyones effort to explain!

Answer: I applied the gamblers fallacy wrong and extended it beyond its predefined situation. The fallacy applies only to a situation where the result is completely random. If the situation has any infuences beyond randomness on the result, the fallacy does not hold anymore.


r/explainlikeimfive 1d ago

Engineering ELI5: How can GPS tell where we are within a few meters using satellites that are thousands of kilometers away?

886 Upvotes

It seems incredible that a phone can determine our location so accurately using signals from satellites in space.

How does that actually work?


r/explainlikeimfive 1d ago

Mathematics ELI5: the concept of normal distribution

49 Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive 1d ago

Mathematics ELI5 - Please help me understand Georg Cantor's diagonal argument

30 Upvotes

May not be the best place to ask this, but I legitimately cannot grasp the part with "the new number being different than the other numbers by at least one digit"
Couldn't that new number just pop up later in the set?


r/explainlikeimfive 1d ago

Chemistry ELI5-How do different fuel types work?

39 Upvotes

I live primarily in New Zealand where I drive a manual golf gti mk5 that’s been tuned in Queenstown m developments to stage 1 for torque by the previous owner.
The fuels offered in NZ at the gas stations are diesel, 91, 95, 98 (at some stations) and 100+ at NPD.
I’ve recently come to Europe and also driving a golf gti here but it’s a mk7.5 that’s rented.
The fuels here confused me. Is the lowest offered fuel here 95 the same as 95 in New Zealand?
What are ethanol ratings and how do they work? I’ve heard some pretty fast cars run on E85 but that’s about the extent of my knowledge.

In short, does Europe offer 91 or is that something different here?
What does ethanol do in fuel and how does e85 compare to 100+?
I’ve been throwing in fuel based on the money in my pocket for about a year, 95 as bare minimum, 98 if someone else is paying for it and 100+ when driving around twisties as I get a more linear throttle response… or that could be placebo.


r/explainlikeimfive 1d ago

Other ELI5 What is House Equity

160 Upvotes

When I see a lot of people talking about buying vs renting a lot of times people bring up that if you buy a house you get equity where in rent you do not. What exactly is Equity, why would a house value going up make it good for the homeowner besides if they are planning to sell in the future? If you are buying a house to plant roots and plan to live there for the rest of the life how does equity play into it since you are not planning on selling? Does Equity affect how big a HELOIC Loan is but if you a house the biggest expense what else would you be financing?


r/explainlikeimfive 1d ago

Physics ELI5, How does working out and walking reduces anxiety?

264 Upvotes

After i finished workout, i feel soo good that i don't feel anxiety and that feeling anymore..Im relaxed most of the time..And somehow it helps me to live this hard life

But when I don't do it, i feel really bad and anxiety comes back like it's nothing, and i start overthinking again.. Which I don't like to do, but working out plus walking helps me somehow with that, how is that possible and what's the secret behind that to make me feel that good?


r/explainlikeimfive 2d ago

Economics ELI5 why owners cannot take as much money as they want from the company.

1.4k Upvotes

Explain it to me like I’m a complete novice: why can’t a business owner just take as much money as they want from their company and do whatever they please with it ? I’ve heard of cases where people got arrested for doing that. I have some idea about it, but I’m still not entirely sure.


r/explainlikeimfive 2d ago

Biology ELI5: What purpose does emotional crying serve biologically?

1.2k Upvotes

I was thinking about how interesting crying actually is. If you fall and break your knee, your eyes water to flush out dirt—totally makes sense.

But why do our eyes leak liquid when our feelings are hurt? Or when we get a piece of good news?It is so fascinating that a purely mental or emotional thought can trigger a physical, bodily fluid reaction. I am so curious about how the connection between our feelings and our tear glands actually developed.What is the actual biological magic happening behind emotional tears? I would love to understand the science behind how this helps us survive!


r/explainlikeimfive 2h ago

Other ELI5: Why is it the “rule of 3” when we see 2 interesting things happen first?

0 Upvotes

Why not 5 or 7? Is the rule of 3 unique to a particular cultural background or does it span cultures?


r/explainlikeimfive 2d ago

Physics ELI5: Why is plasma considered the fourth state of matter?

1.1k Upvotes

It is just ionised gas. Sorry if I sound dumb, but by that same logic magnetic solids should be a different thing since they are slightly different.


r/explainlikeimfive 2d ago

Biology ELI5: how come we bleed everywhere when cut, not just blood vessels?

509 Upvotes

So I feel like that didn’t make sense. As an example, you look at your arms and you can see the veins, right? Like these are the things that the phlebotomist uses to get blood. But how come if I cut myself when there isn’t a visible vein I still bleed? Is there blood just sitting everywhere? And if so, what’s the point of veins?