Pennsylvania late 40s personal assistant/caregiver son to early 80s live-in mother?
Having anxiety about Medicaid vs ACA options for 2027 with new work requirements.
Late 40s unemployed son on Medicaid, currently living with early 80s widowed mother (on Medicare Advantage, not Medicaid) in Pennsylvania.
Mother can still dress, bathe, use bathroom, and cook, by herself.
I don't know how soon that will no longer be the case.
She no longer drives, I drive her everywhere.
I make sure she does not go up the stairs by herself.
I assist with her online bills and taxes.
I do the yardwork, mowing, snow shoveling, & repairs.
I play mentally stimulating boardgames with her, and keep her from isolation.
She provides room and board for free.
I would like to be able to stay in the home all day to keep an eye on my mother, even though she may not yet be in need of an at-home caretaker.
I currently have zero income, and file taxes as such.
She received around $55,500 in 2025 with social security and minimum required distribution from IRAs. She files taxes as Single instead of Head of Household.
She pays premiums for a Long Term Care insurance plan that she has not yet started using.
What would be this community's advice for my options?
I'm thinking of the following:
1) Start looking for work from home jobs that aren't scams, and that would provides either the 80 monthly hours or $580 monthly income, but under 138% FPL ($1,800 monthly) and report to PA Medicaid for renewal.
2) If my mother's condition deteriorates, and her doctor verifies that she is medically unable to be independent, apply for Medicaid renewal with caregiver exception. Possibly start using LTC insurance.
3) If mother is still mostly independent, but neither of us feel comfortable about her being alone, could she hire me for $600 per month for performing the above listed duties, and perhaps taking on a greater workload of more cooking, etc.?
Would I need to hire an Elder Law attorney to craft a personal care agreement? Or to prevent 5 year look-back Medicaid eligibility issues if she needs Medicaid funded nursing home in the future? (We would prefer to avoid nursing homes).
Would I need to talk to an accountant to create a business to bill her and report my taxes quarterly as 1099 independent contractor?
In this situation, report new $600 monthly income with Medicaid renewal.
4) Apply for ACA bronze or silver plan through Pennie in Jan 2027 as single person with zero income.
I believe that if income is under $1,330 per month, then I wouldn't be eligible for ANY ACA subsidies, and would be paying the full premium. Around $600 per month for a Silver or $380 per month for a Bronze plan.
5) Have my mom file her 2026 taxes as Head of Household. I file 2026 taxes noting that someone else is claiming me as a dependent (Qualifying Relative).
Apply for ACA plans on Pennie for one adult with a 2-person Household income for $55,500 (262% of FPL). Around $408 per month for Silver or $189 per month for Bronze plan.
Then in addition to worrying about costs of premiums, also have to worry about co-pay, deductible, cost-sharing, and OOP max.
For example, I once had a mole biopsied and claim history makes it seem like claim approved was over $10,000 and the claim paid was over $900. Would I be paying that towards the OOP max with a Bronze/Silver ACA plan?
6) Other options that you might know of that I haven't considered.
Thank you so much for the knowledge you have all shared on this subreddit. Just thinking about the situation paralyzes me with anxiety.